Biochar: an eco-friendly approach for the alleviation of nitrate leaching and augmentation of soil health

Abstract

Our study investigated the efficacy of barberry biochar in reducing nitrate leaching in arid and semi-arid area. The experiment conducted in factorial design investigating the effect of two biochar particle sizes (less than 1mm and more than 2.8 mm) and three biochar amounts (1%, 2%, and 3% by mass ratio) on nitrate leaching in soil. Our findings revealed significant reductions in nitrate leaching upon the application of barberry biochar. The experimental treatments had a significant effect on nitrate concentration in leached water in both sampling stages. Although the initial sampling indicated non-significant variances between particle size, the clear statistical differences emerged in the second sampling. The smaller biochar particle sizes (less than 1 mm) recorded greater reductions by 76.3% in nitrate leaching compared to larger ones (exceeding 2.8 mm) that resulted in 66.2% reduction. Our results indicated that a 1% weight of biochar produced the lowest leaching rate, with reductions of 79.7% in the first sampling and 82.6% in the second sampling. Finer biochar particle sizes (< 1mm) were the most effective at reducing nitrate leaching, which achieved to an 80.9% reduction. Overall, barberry biochar shows potential in mitigating nitrate pollution, enhancing soil quality, and promoting agricultural sustainability. It is important to consider the optimal biochar application rate and particle size to maximize its effectiveness in reducing nitrate leaching while minimizing any potential negative impacts on crop yield. Further research is required to optimize biochar application rates, particle sizes, and long-term effects in diverse agricultural systems. Implementing biochar as a soil amendment holds promise in improving soil health, water quality, and overall sustainability.